diff --git a/client/src/pages/TableEditor.tsx b/client/src/pages/TableEditor.tsx
index 682cd31..8d139b3 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/TableEditor.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/TableEditor.tsx
@@ -89,8 +89,9 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
   const [treeColumnIndex, setTreeColumnIndex] = useState<number | null>(null);
   const [treeDisplayColumnIndex, setTreeDisplayColumnIndex] = useState<number | null>(null);
   const [importOpen, setImportOpen] = useState(false);
-  const [importPreview, setImportPreview] = useState<{ 
-    added: { values: string[] }[]; 
+  const [importPreview, setImportPreview] = useState<{
+    added: { values: string[]; parentId?: number | null }[];
+    updated: { id: number; values: string[]; oldPosition: number; newPosition: number; parentId: number | null; oldParentId: number | null }[];
     deleted: { id: number; values: string[] }[];
     reordered: { values: string[]; oldPosition: number; newPosition: number }[];
   } | null>(null);
@@ -478,8 +479,13 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
   const handleExport = async () => {
     if (!data?.table) return;
     const cols = data.table.columns as TableColumn[];
-    const headers = cols.map(c => c.name);
-    const rows = (rowsData?.rows || data.table.rows).map(r => r.values);
+    const headers = ['_id', '_parent_id', '_position', ...cols.map(c => c.name)];
+    const rows = (rowsData?.rows || data.table.rows).map(r => [
+      r.id,
+      r.parentId ?? '',
+      r.position,
+      ...r.values,
+    ]);
     const wsData = [headers, ...rows];
 
     // Notify server about the export for audit logging (fire-and-forget)
@@ -497,6 +503,21 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
     toast({ title: 'Файл экспортирован' });
   };
 
+  const handleDownloadTemplate = async () => {
+    if (!data?.table) return;
+    const cols = data.table.columns as TableColumn[];
+    const headers = ['_id', '_parent_id', '_position', ...cols.map(c => c.name)];
+    const exampleRow = [1, '', 0, ...cols.map(() => '')];
+    const noteRow = ['id строки (авто)', 'id родителя (можно пусто)', 'порядок', ...cols.map(c => `значение: ${c.name}`)];
+    const wsData = [headers, noteRow, exampleRow];
+
+    const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(wsData);
+    const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
+    XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Шаблон');
+    XLSX.writeFile(wb, `${data.table.name}_шаблон.xlsx`);
+    toast({ title: 'Шаблон скачан' });
+  };
+
   const handleImportFile = async (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
     const file = e.target.files?.[0];
     if (!file || !data?.table) return;
@@ -506,18 +527,44 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
       const buffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
       const wb = XLSX.read(buffer, { type: 'array' });
       const ws = wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]];
-      const importedData: string[][] = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, { header: 1 });
+      const importedData: (string | number | null)[][] = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, { header: 1 });
 
       if (importedData.length === 0) {
         toast({ title: 'Файл пуст', variant: 'destructive' });
         return;
       }
 
-      const hasHeaders = importedData[0].some(cell => 
-        tableColumns.some(col => col.name.toLowerCase() === String(cell || '').toLowerCase())
-      );
-      const dataRows = hasHeaders ? importedData.slice(1) : importedData;
-      const rows = dataRows.map(row => ({ values: row.map(cell => String(cell || '')) }));
+      const headers = importedData[0].map(h => String(h || '').trim().toLowerCase());
+      const idColIndex = headers.indexOf('_id');
+      const parentIdColIndex = headers.indexOf('_parent_id');
+      const positionColIndex = headers.indexOf('_position');
+      const isExtendedFormat = idColIndex !== -1 || parentIdColIndex !== -1 || positionColIndex !== -1;
+
+      const firstDataRowIndex = importedData.slice(1).findIndex(row => row.some(cell => cell != null && String(cell).trim() !== ''));
+      const dataRows = firstDataRowIndex !== -1 ? importedData.slice(1 + firstDataRowIndex) : [];
+
+      let rows: any[];
+      if (isExtendedFormat) {
+        rows = dataRows.map(row => {
+          const id = idColIndex !== -1 && row[idColIndex] != null && String(row[idColIndex]).trim() !== ''
+            ? Number(row[idColIndex])
+            : undefined;
+          const parentId = parentIdColIndex !== -1 && row[parentIdColIndex] != null && String(row[parentIdColIndex]).trim() !== ''
+            ? Number(row[parentIdColIndex])
+            : null;
+          const values = row
+            .map((cell, idx) => ({ cell, idx }))
+            .filter(({ idx }) => idx !== idColIndex && idx !== parentIdColIndex && idx !== positionColIndex)
+            .map(({ cell }) => String(cell ?? ''));
+          return { id, parentId, values };
+        });
+      } else {
+        const hasHeaders = importedData[0].some(cell =>
+          tableColumns.some(col => col.name.toLowerCase() === String(cell || '').toLowerCase())
+        );
+        const legacyDataRows = hasHeaders ? importedData.slice(1) : importedData;
+        rows = legacyDataRows.map(row => ({ values: row.map(cell => String(cell ?? '')) }));
+      }
 
       setImportRows(rows);
       const response = await apiRequest('POST', `/api/directories/${tableId}/sync`, { apply: false, rows });
@@ -527,6 +574,7 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
         added: result.addedRows || [],
         deleted: result.deletedRows || [],
         reordered: result.reorderedRows || [],
+        updated: result.updatedRows || [],
       });
       setImportOpen(true);
     } catch (error) {
@@ -651,6 +699,10 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
             </Button>
             {canEdit && (
               <>
+                <Button variant="outline" onClick={handleDownloadTemplate} data-testid="button-template">
+                  <FileSpreadsheet className="w-4 h-4 mr-2" />
+                  Шаблон
+                </Button>
                 <input
                   ref={fileInputRef}
                   type="file"
@@ -1458,6 +1510,10 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
                   <Badge variant="default" className="bg-green-600">+{importPreview.added.length}</Badge>
                   <span className="text-sm">Добавлено</span>
                 </div>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                  <Badge variant="default" className="bg-yellow-600">{importPreview.updated.length}</Badge>
+                  <span className="text-sm">Изменено</span>
+                </div>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                   <Badge variant="default" className="bg-blue-600">{importPreview.reordered.length}</Badge>
                   <span className="text-sm">Переупорядочено</span>
@@ -1484,6 +1540,28 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
                 </div>
               )}
 
+              {importPreview.updated.length > 0 && (
+                <div>
+                  <h4 className="font-medium mb-2 text-yellow-600">Будут изменены:</h4>
+                  <div className="max-h-32 overflow-y-auto border rounded p-2 space-y-1">
+                    {importPreview.updated.slice(0, 10).map((row, idx) => (
+                      <div key={idx} className="text-sm bg-yellow-50 dark:bg-yellow-950 p-1 rounded">
+                        {Array.isArray(row.values) ? row.values.join(' | ') : '—'}
+                        {row.parentId !== row.oldParentId && (
+                          <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-2">(родитель: {row.oldParentId || 'корень'} → {row.parentId || 'корень'})</span>
+                        )}
+                        {row.oldPosition !== row.newPosition && (
+                          <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-2">(позиция: {row.oldPosition + 1} → {row.newPosition + 1})</span>
+                        )}
+                      </div>
+                    ))}
+                    {importPreview.updated.length > 10 && (
+                      <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">...и ещё {importPreview.updated.length - 10}</div>
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              )}
+
               {importPreview.reordered.length > 0 && (
                 <div>
                   <h4 className="font-medium mb-2 text-blue-600">Изменён порядок:</h4>
@@ -1517,7 +1595,7 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
                 </div>
               )}
 
-              {importPreview.added.length === 0 && importPreview.reordered.length === 0 && importPreview.deleted.length === 0 && (
+              {importPreview.added.length === 0 && importPreview.updated.length === 0 && importPreview.reordered.length === 0 && importPreview.deleted.length === 0 && (
                 <div className="text-center py-4 text-muted-foreground">
                   Изменений не обнаружено. Данные уже синхронизированы.
                 </div>
@@ -1528,9 +1606,9 @@ export default function TableEditor() {
             <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => { setImportOpen(false); setImportPreview(null); setImportRows([]); }}>
               Отмена
             </Button>
-            <Button 
-              onClick={handleApplyImport} 
-              disabled={importLoading || !!(importPreview && importPreview.added.length === 0 && importPreview.reordered.length === 0 && importPreview.deleted.length === 0)}
+            <Button
+              onClick={handleApplyImport}
+              disabled={importLoading || !!(importPreview && importPreview.added.length === 0 && importPreview.updated.length === 0 && importPreview.reordered.length === 0 && importPreview.deleted.length === 0)}
               data-testid="button-apply-import"
             >
               {importLoading ? 'Применение...' : 'Применить изменения'}
diff --git a/server/routes/data-tables-sync.routes.ts b/server/routes/data-tables-sync.routes.ts
index 3d59bbd..2ba4fbd 100644
--- a/server/routes/data-tables-sync.routes.ts
+++ b/server/routes/data-tables-sync.routes.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ export function registerDataTableSyncRoutes(app: import("express").Express): voi
         }
 
         const currentRows = await storage.getDataTableRows(tableId, req.organizationId!);
-        
+        const validCurrentRows = currentRows.filter(r => Array.isArray(r.values));
+        const currentRowsById = new Map(validCurrentRows.map(r => [r.id, r]));
+
         const normalizeValues = (values: (string | null)[] | null, columnCount: number): string[] => {
           const arr = values || [];
           const result: string[] = [];
@@ -44,39 +46,168 @@ export function registerDataTableSyncRoutes(app: import("express").Express): voi
           }
           return result;
         };
-        
-        const columnCount = table.columns?.length || 6;
-        const makeKey = (values: (string | null)[] | null) => JSON.stringify(normalizeValues(values, columnCount));
-        
-        const validCurrentRows = currentRows.filter(r => Array.isArray(r.values));
-        
-        const currentRowsByKey = new Map(validCurrentRows.map(r => [makeKey(r.values), r]));
-        const currentKeysSet = new Set(validCurrentRows.map(r => makeKey(r.values)));
-        const newKeysSet = new Set(rows.map((r: { values: string[] }) => makeKey(r.values)));
 
-        const added: { values: string[], position: number }[] = [];
+        const columnCount = table.columns?.length || 6;
+        const makeValuesKey = (values: (string | null)[] | null) => JSON.stringify(normalizeValues(values, columnCount));
+
+        // Detect extended format: rows contain id or parentId
+        const isExtendedFormat = rows.some((r: any) => r && (r.id != null || r.parentId != null));
+
+        if (isExtendedFormat) {
+          // Parse incoming rows
+          const incomingRows: {
+            rawId?: number | null;
+            values: string[];
+            parentId?: number | null;
+            position: number;
+          }[] = rows.map((r: any, index: number) => ({
+            rawId: r.id != null ? Number(r.id) : undefined,
+            values: normalizeValues(r.values, columnCount),
+            parentId: r.parentId != null ? Number(r.parentId) : null,
+            position: index,
+          }));
+
+          // Resolve existing row id for each incoming row
+          const incomingWithResolvedId = incomingRows.map((row) => {
+            const existing = row.rawId != null ? currentRowsById.get(row.rawId) : undefined;
+            return {
+              ...row,
+              existingId: existing ? existing.id : undefined,
+            };
+          });
+
+          // Determine deleted rows: existing ids not present in incoming rows
+          const incomingExistingIds = new Set(
+            incomingWithResolvedId
+              .filter(r => r.existingId != null)
+              .map(r => r.existingId!)
+          );
+          const deleted = validCurrentRows
+            .filter(r => !incomingExistingIds.has(r.id))
+            .map(r => ({ id: r.id, values: normalizeValues(r.values, columnCount) }));
+          const deletedIds = new Set(deleted.map(d => d.id));
+
+          // Validate parent references
+          const validParentIds = new Set(validCurrentRows.map(r => r.id).filter(id => !deletedIds.has(id)));
+          for (const row of incomingWithResolvedId) {
+            if (row.parentId != null) {
+              if (!validParentIds.has(row.parentId)) {
+                return res.status(400).json({ error: `Некорректный parentId ${row.parentId}: строка не найдена или будет удалена` });
+              }
+              if (row.existingId != null && row.parentId === row.existingId) {
+                return res.status(400).json({ error: `Строка не может быть родителем самой себя (id ${row.existingId})` });
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Detect cycles using union-find / ancestor check
+          const parentMap = new Map<number | string, number | null>();
+          for (const row of incomingWithResolvedId) {
+            const key = row.existingId != null ? row.existingId : `new:${row.position}`;
+            parentMap.set(key, row.parentId ?? null);
+          }
+
+          const getAncestors = (start: number | string): Set<number | string> => {
+            const ancestors = new Set<number | string>();
+            let current: number | string | null | undefined = start;
+            while (current != null) {
+              if (ancestors.has(current)) break; // cycle detected
+              ancestors.add(current);
+              current = parentMap.get(current);
+            }
+            return ancestors;
+          };
+
+          for (const row of incomingWithResolvedId) {
+            if (row.parentId == null) continue;
+            const key = row.existingId != null ? row.existingId : `new:${row.position}`;
+            const ancestors = getAncestors(row.parentId);
+            if (ancestors.has(key)) {
+              return res.status(400).json({ error: `Обнаружен цикл в иерархии для строки ${row.values[0] || row.position}` });
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Build preview lists
+          const added: { values: string[]; position: number; parentId: number | null }[] = [];
+          const updated: { id: number; values: string[]; oldPosition: number; newPosition: number; parentId: number | null; oldParentId: number | null }[] = [];
+
+          for (const row of incomingWithResolvedId) {
+            if (row.existingId == null) {
+              added.push({ values: row.values, position: row.position, parentId: row.parentId ?? null });
+            } else {
+              const existing = currentRowsById.get(row.existingId)!;
+              const parentChanged = (row.parentId ?? null) !== (existing.parentId ?? null);
+              const positionChanged = row.position !== existing.position;
+              const valuesChanged = makeValuesKey(row.values) !== makeValuesKey(existing.values);
+              if (parentChanged || positionChanged || valuesChanged) {
+                updated.push({
+                  id: existing.id,
+                  values: row.values,
+                  oldPosition: existing.position,
+                  newPosition: row.position,
+                  parentId: row.parentId ?? null,
+                  oldParentId: existing.parentId ?? null,
+                });
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (apply) {
+            const positionUpdates = updated
+              .filter(u => u.oldPosition === u.newPosition && u.oldParentId === u.parentId && makeValuesKey(u.values) === makeValuesKey(currentRowsById.get(u.id)!.values))
+              .map(u => ({ id: u.id, position: u.newPosition, parentId: u.parentId }));
+            const reordered = updated
+              .filter(u => u.oldPosition !== u.newPosition || u.oldParentId !== u.parentId || makeValuesKey(u.values) !== makeValuesKey(currentRowsById.get(u.id)!.values))
+              .map(u => ({ id: u.id, newPosition: u.newPosition, parentId: u.parentId }));
+
+            await storage.applyDataTableSync(
+              tableId,
+              deleted,
+              added,
+              reordered,
+              positionUpdates
+            );
+          }
+
+          return res.json({
+            apply,
+            added: added.length,
+            updated: updated.length,
+            deleted: deleted.length,
+            addedRows: added.map(r => ({ values: r.values, parentId: r.parentId })),
+            updatedRows: updated.map(r => ({ id: r.id, values: r.values, oldPosition: r.oldPosition, newPosition: r.newPosition, parentId: r.parentId, oldParentId: r.oldParentId })),
+            deletedRows: deleted.map(r => ({ id: r.id, values: r.values })),
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Legacy format: sync by full values key
+        const currentRowsByKey = new Map(validCurrentRows.map(r => [makeValuesKey(r.values), r]));
+        const currentKeysSet = new Set(validCurrentRows.map(r => makeValuesKey(r.values)));
+        const newKeysSet = new Set(rows.map((r: { values: string[] }) => makeValuesKey(r.values)));
+
+        const added: { values: string[], position: number; parentId?: number | null }[] = [];
         const deleted: { id: number; values: string[] }[] = [];
-        const reordered: { id: number; values: string[]; oldPosition: number; newPosition: number }[] = [];
+        const reordered: { id: number; values: string[]; oldPosition: number; newPosition: number; parentId?: number | null }[] = [];
 
         rows.forEach((newRow: { values: string[] }, index: number) => {
-          const key = makeKey(newRow.values);
+          const key = makeValuesKey(newRow.values);
           if (!currentKeysSet.has(key)) {
             added.push({ values: newRow.values, position: index });
           } else {
             const existingRow = currentRowsByKey.get(key);
             if (existingRow && existingRow.position !== index) {
-              reordered.push({ 
-                id: existingRow.id, 
-                values: normalizeValues(existingRow.values, columnCount), 
-                oldPosition: existingRow.position, 
-                newPosition: index 
+              reordered.push({
+                id: existingRow.id,
+                values: normalizeValues(existingRow.values, columnCount),
+                oldPosition: existingRow.position,
+                newPosition: index,
               });
             }
           }
         });
 
         for (const currentRow of validCurrentRows) {
-          const key = makeKey(currentRow.values);
+          const key = makeValuesKey(currentRow.values);
           if (!newKeysSet.has(key)) {
             deleted.push({ id: currentRow.id, values: normalizeValues(currentRow.values, columnCount) });
           }
@@ -85,7 +216,7 @@ export function registerDataTableSyncRoutes(app: import("express").Express): voi
         if (apply) {
           const positionUpdates: { id: number; position: number }[] = [];
           for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
-            const key = makeKey(rows[i].values);
+            const key = makeValuesKey(rows[i].values);
             const existingRow = currentRowsByKey.get(key);
             if (existingRow && !deleted.some(d => d.id === existingRow.id)) {
               positionUpdates.push({ id: existingRow.id, position: i });
diff --git a/server/storage/data-tables-core.storage.ts b/server/storage/data-tables-core.storage.ts
index a8c966a..0c6f795 100644
--- a/server/storage/data-tables-core.storage.ts
+++ b/server/storage/data-tables-core.storage.ts
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ export class DataTablesCoreStorage extends BotsStorage {
   async applyDataTableSync(
     tableId: number,
     deleted: { id: number }[],
-    added: { values: string[]; position: number }[],
-    reordered: { id: number; newPosition: number }[],
-    positionUpdates: { id: number; position: number }[]
+    added: { values: string[]; position: number; parentId?: number | null }[],
+    reordered: { id: number; newPosition: number; parentId?: number | null }[],
+    positionUpdates: { id: number; position: number; parentId?: number | null }[]
   ): Promise<void> {
     await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
       for (const row of deleted) {
@@ -329,18 +329,22 @@ export class DataTablesCoreStorage extends BotsStorage {
       for (const row of added) {
         await tx
           .insert(dataTableRows)
-          .values({ tableId, values: row.values, position: row.position });
+          .values({ tableId, values: row.values, position: row.position, parentId: row.parentId ?? null });
       }
       for (const row of reordered) {
+        const updates: Partial<typeof dataTableRows.$inferInsert> = { position: row.newPosition, updatedAt: new Date() };
+        if (row.parentId !== undefined) updates.parentId = row.parentId;
         await tx
           .update(dataTableRows)
-          .set({ position: row.newPosition, updatedAt: new Date() })
+          .set(updates)
           .where(and(eq(dataTableRows.id, row.id), eq(dataTableRows.tableId, tableId)));
       }
       for (const row of positionUpdates) {
+        const updates: Partial<typeof dataTableRows.$inferInsert> = { position: row.position, updatedAt: new Date() };
+        if (row.parentId !== undefined) updates.parentId = row.parentId;
         await tx
           .update(dataTableRows)
-          .set({ position: row.position, updatedAt: new Date() })
+          .set(updates)
           .where(and(eq(dataTableRows.id, row.id), eq(dataTableRows.tableId, tableId)));
       }
     });